IE 404 MEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION
Teaching Scheme Examination Scheme
Lecturers: 3 Hrs / Week Mid- Sem Test– 30 marks,
Assignments and Quizzes- 20 marks,
End Sem Exam - 50 marks
OBJECTIVES
After completing this course students should be able:
- To understand the principle, working of various medical instruments
- To understand the design aspects of various biomedical instruments
Unit 1
Biopotential Measurement
Cell Structure, Basic Cell functions, Origins of bio-potentials, electrical activity of cells, biological Control Concept, Electrode-electrolyte interface, Half cell Potential, Polarisable and nonpolarisable electrode, Electrode circuit model, Body surface recording electrodes for ECG, EMG and EEG, internal electrodes-needle and wire electrodes, electrodes for electric stimulation of tissue, Various biomedical transducers [6 Hrs]
Unit 2
Central Nervous systems - Receptors, sensory pathways and motor systems, processing sensory information, neural, neuromuscular, sensory muscular and sensory measurements, biofeedback, evoked response, electroencephalography (EEG), EEG amplifier
Classification of muscles – Muscle contraction mechanism, Myoelectric voltages, Electromyography (EMG) [8 Hrs]
Unit 3
Cardio-vascular system - structure of heart, rhythmicity, pacemaker cell, ECG theory, ECG electrodes, Electrocardiograph, vector cardiograph
Bio-signal amplifiers and signal processing, basic requirement, Op-amp circuit, transient protection, interference reduction circuits, active filters, rate measurement, averaging and integrator circuits, Examples of physiological signals and systems including feedback systems [8 Hrs]
Unit 4
Cardiovascular Measurements and therapeutic devices
Heart sound, Phonocardiography, Blood pressure measurement (invasive and noninvasive), Blood flow meter- Magnetic and ultrasound, Cardiac Output measurement, Plethysmography,
Life saving devices pacemakers and defibrillators, heart lung machine
[7 Hrs]
Unit 5
Special Senses-
Ear: Mechanism of hearing, Sound conduction system, Basic Audiometer, Pure tone audiometer, Audiometer system Bekesey, Evoked response Audiometer system, Hearing aids
Vision- Anatomy of Eye, Visual acuity, Slit Lamp, Tonometer, Ophthalmoscope, Perimeter, LASER Applications in Ophthalmology – Diabetic Retinopathy, Glaucoma and retinal hole and detachment treatment [8 Hrs]
Unit 6
Biomaterials- Structure and property relationships in materials, ceramics and polymers, Interactions of materials with the human body, composite materials concepts and applications, Implementation problems – inflammation, rejection, corrosion, structural failure [8 Hrs]
Text Books
- Biomedical Instrumentation by Dr. M. Arumugam, Anuradha Publishers, 1992
- Introduction to Biomedical Equipment Technology by Carr and Brown
- Medical Instrumentation Application and Design by John G. Webster, John Wiley & Sons Pvt. Ltd
- Biomedical Instrumentation and Measurements by Leslie Cromwell, Fred J. Weibell, Erich A. Pfeiffer, Pearson Education
- Principles of Biomedical Instrumentation and Measurement by Richard Aston, Maxwell Macmillan International Edition
- Handbook of Biomedical Instrumentation by R. S. Khandpur, TMH
- Medicine and Clinical Engineering by Jacobsons and Webster, PHI
Reference Books
- Human Physiology – The Mechanism of Body Functions by Vander, Shermen, TMH
- Biomedical Digital Signal Processing by Tompkins
- Encyclopedia of Medical Devices and Instruments by Webster Vol. I - IV