Medical Instrumentation

IE 404 MEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION

Teaching Scheme Examination Scheme

Lecturers: 3 Hrs / Week Mid- Sem Test– 30 marks,

Assignments and Quizzes- 20 marks,

End Sem Exam - 50 marks

OBJECTIVES

After completing this course students should be able:

To understand the principle, working of various medical instruments
To understand the design aspects of various biomedical instruments

Unit 1

Biopotential Measurement

Cell Structure, Basic Cell functions, Origins of bio-potentials, electrical activity of cells, biological Control Concept, Electrode-electrolyte interface, Half cell Potential, Polarisable and nonpolarisable electrode, Electrode circuit model, Body surface recording electrodes for ECG, EMG and EEG, internal electrodes-needle and wire electrodes, electrodes for electric stimulation of tissue, Various biomedical transducers [6 Hrs]

Unit 2

Central Nervous systems - Receptors, sensory pathways and motor systems, processing sensory information, neural, neuromuscular, sensory muscular and sensory measurements, biofeedback, evoked response, electroencephalography (EEG), EEG amplifier

Classification of muscles – Muscle contraction mechanism, Myoelectric voltages, Electromyography (EMG) [8 Hrs]

Unit 3

Cardio-vascular system - structure of heart, rhythmicity, pacemaker cell, ECG theory, ECG electrodes, Electrocardiograph, vector cardiograph

Bio-signal amplifiers and signal processing, basic requirement, Op-amp circuit, transient protection, interference reduction circuits, active filters, rate measurement, averaging and integrator circuits, Examples of physiological signals and systems including feedback systems [8 Hrs]

Unit 4

Cardiovascular Measurements and therapeutic devices

Heart sound, Phonocardiography, Blood pressure measurement (invasive and noninvasive), Blood flow meter- Magnetic and ultrasound, Cardiac Output measurement, Plethysmography,

Life saving devices pacemakers and defibrillators, heart lung machine

[7 Hrs]

Unit 5

Special Senses-

Ear: Mechanism of hearing, Sound conduction system, Basic Audiometer, Pure tone audiometer, Audiometer system Bekesey, Evoked response Audiometer system, Hearing aids

Vision- Anatomy of Eye, Visual acuity, Slit Lamp, Tonometer, Ophthalmoscope, Perimeter, LASER Applications in Ophthalmology – Diabetic Retinopathy, Glaucoma and retinal hole and detachment treatment [8 Hrs]

Unit 6

Biomaterials- Structure and property relationships in materials, ceramics and polymers, Interactions of materials with the human body, composite materials concepts and applications, Implementation problems – inflammation, rejection, corrosion, structural failure [8 Hrs]

Text Books

Biomedical Instrumentation by Dr. M. Arumugam, Anuradha Publishers, 1992
Introduction to Biomedical Equipment Technology by Carr and Brown
Medical Instrumentation Application and Design by John G. Webster, John Wiley & Sons Pvt. Ltd

Biomedical Instrumentation and Measurements by Leslie Cromwell, Fred J. Weibell, Erich A. Pfeiffer, Pearson Education
Principles of Biomedical Instrumentation and Measurement by Richard Aston, Maxwell Macmillan International Edition
Handbook of Biomedical Instrumentation by R. S. Khandpur, TMH
Medicine and Clinical Engineering by Jacobsons and Webster, PHI

Reference Books

Human Physiology – The Mechanism of Body Functions by Vander, Shermen, TMH
Biomedical Digital Signal Processing by Tompkins
Encyclopedia of Medical Devices and Instruments by Webster Vol. I - IV

Power Plant Instrumentation

IE 405 POWER PLANT INSTRUMENTATION

Teaching scheme Examination Scheme

Lectures: 3 hrs/week Mid- Sem Test– 30 marks,

Assignments and Quizzes- 20 marks,

End Sem Exam - 50 marks

Unit 1:

Power plant: Unit, overview, Types of boiler, Exhaust Gas Boilers and Incinerators, turbine generators, condensers, material handling systems. Comparison of thermal power plant, hydroelectric power plant, Nuclear power plant, solar power plant, Wind power plant. [07 hrs]

Unit 2:

Boiler Instrumentation: Control and optimization, Combustion control, air to fuel ratio control, 3-element drum level control, steam temperature and pressure control, oxygen/CO2 in flue gases, furnace draft, boiler interlocks, sequence event recorder, supervisor control, data acquisition controls, burner management systems and controllers. Start-up and shut-down procedures, Boiler safety standard, Boiler inspection procedures. Boiler load calculation, boiler efficiency calculation. [07 hrs]

Unit 3:

Instrumentation for Boiler ancillaries viz. water treatment, electro-static precipitator, soot blower, economizer, de aerator, super heater, chemical dosing systems, air pre-heater, coal and ash handling systems, fuel storage and distribution, Bag House Filters.

[07 hrs]

Unit 4:

Turbine instrumentation and control, start-up and shut-down , thermal stress control, condition monitoring & power distribution instrumentation. Synchronous, Induction generators [07 hrs]

Unit 5:

Hydroelectric power generation, regulation & monitoring of voltage & frequency of output power. Pollution & effluent monitoring & control. Energy Management, electrical sub-station controls. [07 hrs]

Unit 6:

Power Generation using non-conventional energy sources viz. Wind Power, solar Power, Tidal Power, Plant safety & redundancies. Nuclear Power Generation & control Station. Diesel Generator Controls [07 hrs]

Text Books:

· Energy Technology Handbook ,Considine D.M.,MGH

· Process Control ,B.G. Liptak

· Solar Energy Technology Vol. I & II by Dicknson & Chereminoff (Dekker)

· Efficient Boiler Operation source book by Payane & Thompson

· Energy management Handbook by W.C. turner.

Reference Books:

- Computer Based Industrial control by Krishna Kant.
- Distributed Computer Control for industrial Automation by Bhatkar (dekkar)

Medical Instrumentation Laboratory

IE 410- MEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION LABORATORY

Teaching Scheme: Examination Scheme:

Practical: 2 Hrs / Week Practical: 50 Marks

List of Practicals

Design and Implementation of ECG and EEG Simulator.
Design and Implementation of ECG amplifier.
Design and Implementation of EEG amplifier.
Design and implementation of Instrumentation amplifier.
Design and implementation of Heart Rate Meter.
Design and implementation of Digital BP meter.
To study various blood Pressure Measurement techniques.
To calibrate the Blood Pressure apparatus.
To study the ultrasonic Blood Flow meter.
To study the ECG Recorder and determine its time constants. Also study the design aspects of ECG Recorder.
To design and implement the pacemaker simulator. Also study the design aspects of Pacemaker.
To design and implement the Defibrillator Simulator. Also study the design aspects of Defibrillator.
To study EMG machine
To study the PC Based ECG and EEG analysis System.

Power Plant Instrumentation Laboratory

IE 411 POWER PLANT INSTRUMENTATION LABORATORY

Teaching scheme Examination Scheme

Practical: 2 hrs/week Oral: 50 marks

List of experiments:

1. Study of Hydro-electric power plant

2. Study of electrical sub-station

3. Study of thermal power plant

4. Study of Nuclear power plant

5. Study of solar power plant

6. Study of power grid and associated instrumentation

7. Design and development of interlocks and safety system for thermal power plants